Monday, September 29, 2008

HP-12C & New Numbers


Have you ever found any high tech gadgets last more than 25 years (1/4 of a century) on the market & still produced and supported by manufacturers.  It is indeed very hard to find one with average product cycle around 3 years in Silicon Valley. Believe it or not, I did find one that meet the honor. It is HP-12C Calculator.  I purchased one in 1983 which I still use these days.  I was in Walgreen last week, a drug store around the corner, looking for BeneFiber.  I passed by one aisle and see the familiar HP-12C calculator, priced at $69.  Although there is a platinum model that cost more, the original one is still there. This is a finance calculator for interest, mortgage, amortization, etc.  I heard that some big financial company bought this calculator for each employee & used for company's work.  This may be the reason why it is still around these days. But why they pick HP-12C?  I think the reasons is the pocket size, easy to use & its long-lasting batteries. As far as I can remember, I only changed batteries once in 25 years. HP-12C is truly a classic product in itself, amazing.

Related to calculator, it is the number---unit of number, the way we do the counting.   In most calculators, the number is displayed three digits in a group with comma.  In other words, it is easy to read it in thousand, million, billion etc. But this creates problems for 万& 億.  I am sure most of us have the same experience.  When someone said 700 billion dollars to bail out the financial mess.  What, 700 B, oh, it is 七千億.  It takes about 4 or 6 seconds to get the conversion.  How about 八拾七萬?  Oh, it is 870 thousand. This time it takes about 4 sec to get the conversion.  How about 四万万七千万? Oh, it is the same as 四億七千万, and it is 470 million.  It takes more than 10 sec to do the conversion. I found it rather amusing whenever Chinese people in America try to quote the big number & everybody sort of sucks into some confusion.  The inconsistency comes from the way Chinese count---4 zeros a group instead of 3 zeros a group. 百, 千, 万(4 zeros) then 億(8 zeros), 兆(12 zeros).  But the western way is thousand (3 zeros), million (6 zeros), billion (9 zeros) then trillion (12 zeros). I think it will be a good idea that Chinese create two new units of number: #米 and #比.  They are equivalent to million & billion. We might as well get used to these two numbers and save us a lot of trouble.  So 470 million is just 470 #米 & 700 billion is just 700 #比.  And 140 thousand can just be 140千, simple as it is.  So from now on, we all live in peace & happily ever after.

PS1: You may be upset that why we have to confirm to the western way of counting.  Well, it started long time ago when our ancesters wanted 西学為用.   This does not mean that we abandon the counting of 万& 億, we simply add two more units of number to facilitate easy counting & communication. Take a look at Periodic Table, Uranium (鈾), Plutonium (鈽), Americium (鋂), Curium (鋸), Einsteinium (鑀), Fermiun (鐨), Mendelevium (鍆), Lawrencium (鐒), Berkelium (鉑), Californium (鉲) etc.  So we already named a lot of items per western words and pronunciation. By the way, the United States fares very well in the periodic table: Americium, Californium, Berkelium. Berkeley & California are the only university & state to be named in the periodic table. Also Lawrence (Lawrencium, atomic #103) & Seaborg (Seaborgium, atomic #106) are the scientists from Berkeley.

PS2: It is funny to see Trillion & 兆 all end up with 12 zeros.  The reason is simple: 12 is divisible by both 3 & 4.  No wonder ancient Babylonian used 12 進位 instead of 10. 12 has factor 2,3,4 & 6. But 10 has only 2 & 5 factors. At least for division, 12 based # is twice efficient as 10 based #.

Thursday, September 25, 2008

求學孫子

前言

我在台灣讀書的時候,就知道有 [孫子兵法] 這本書,但從來沒有在書局中看到過。軍訓教官也只提到書名,不提內容。好像是武林密集,不輕易傳人。現在想起來,可能與 [孫子兵法] 開宗明義的一句話有關。 孫子曰,兵者,詭道也。與當時宣傳的國軍乃仁義之師,相去太遠。最近回台灣,看到一本叫 [商戰孫子] 的書,其目的是教導如何用 [孫子兵法] 經商。雖然有一些見解,但牽強附會太多,連 [行軍],[地形],[九地],[火攻] 諸篇,都配上商業用途,有風馬牛不相及之感。但我第一次看到了 [孫子兵法] 全文。愛不忍釋。想不到我們的祖先能寫這麼好的文章。這樣的 realistic。開門見山,水清見底。兵者,詭道也。打仗使用陰謀詭計不丟人,連逃跑也不丟人,只有打敗仗才是丟人。 [孫子兵法] 不但內容精闢,而且文筆之流暢,用來作為高中的國文教材,比 [古文觀止] 上絕大多數的文章讀起來要舒暢得太多了。請看 [兵勢] 篇中的一段,
凡戰者,以正合,以奇勝。故善出奇者,無窮如天地,不竭如江河。終而復始,日月是也,死而復生,四時是也。聲不過五,五聲之變,不可勝聽也。色不過五,五色之變,不可勝觀也。味不過五,五味之變,不可勝嘗也。戰勝,不過奇正,奇正之變,不可勝窮也。奇正相生,如循環之無端,熟能窮之哉?
顯然孫子認為文學修養對一個將軍非常重要。不然他不會把這些與作戰無關的東西寫在兵法裡。
現在有人認為 [孫子兵法] 的原則到處可用。除了戰場,商場之外,情場,官場,選舉都用得上。我一輩子讀書,看看求學能不能也套上 [孫子兵法]。

始計第一

求學者,人生之大事,終生心血,舉家甘苦,不可不察也。
故經之以五事,校之以計,而索其情。一曰道,二曰時,三曰地,四曰師,五曰己。
道者,最終之目標也,題目當與天地同壽,日月同庚,朝聞之,夕可死也。披星載月,不畏難也。時者,天時也,知所先後,則近道矣。時未至而先攻者,徒勞而無所獲。地者,學校,設備,環境也。查無書,且問無友,事倍而功半。師者,智,信,名,錢,點也。己者,能力,興趣,背景也。
凡此五事,學者當聞,知之者成,不知之者敗。故曰,校之以計,而其索情。曰 道孰能申,師孰能啟,己孰能耐,錢孰能久。吾人以此知勝負矣。
學者,慎道也。知之為知之,不知為不知。近而慮之遠,遠而慮之近。不求小利,不貪近功。得之不驕,敗之不餒,思人之未見,攻人之不察。故學者之勝,不可先傳也。
夫未起步而廟算勝者,得算多也。未起步而廟算不勝者,得算少也。多算勝,少算不勝,而況無算呼?吾人以此觀之,成敗見矣。

後語

孫子有一個有名的故事,所謂 [孫武子演陣斬美姬],也是成語 [三令五申] 的來歷。最近在網上有一部關於孫子的歷史小說,中間有一段,作者希望還原這段悲慘的事件。為什麼孫武會帶宮女練兵,殺死了吳王的愛妃之後,為什麼吳王沒有為愛妃報仇?想像得合情合理,也許您有興趣一看。
http://vip.book.sina.com.cn/book/catalog.php?book=48636

楊照崑

Tuesday, September 9, 2008

Mid-Autumn Festival

Mid-Autumn Festival falls on 9/14 this year. Traditionally this is a big holiday most Chinese people rush to their family for reunion. No other holiday except Spring Festival is more important than 中秋節. There are a lot of poems related to the moon & the mid-autumn festival. But there are not many nice songs composed for the occasion. Some like 中秋怨 does not have universal appeal. Rather, it is for persons with broken family. Perhaps most people choose to 吟詩 instead of 唱歌. The most famous poem for the occasion is 水調歌頭 by 苏軾. There are some songs composed for this poem. One of them is "但願人長久". In western world, since there is no such festival, you don’t find any music composed for this occasion. However, there is some music either dedicated to the moon or related to the moon. Doris Day sang “By the Light of the Silvery Moon”. It is a very lovely song except that she sang for the Thanksgiving holiday, a very late autumn event. For something classical, the most famous one is Beethoven’s Moonlight Sonata, the other is DeBussy’s Clair de Lune (月光曲). I happen to remember the 2nd movement of Eine Kline Nacht Musik (by Mozart) has been adapted as moon related song (Meditation under the Moon) used in some elementary school. As to the aria of opera, there is one dedicated to the moon & well known. It is "Lied An Den Mond (Song to the Moon)" in Rusalka by Dvorak. Rusalka is a water spirit who sings this aria to plea to the moon for help in finding her prince. In 2001, Masterpiece Theatre released a movie “The Song of the Lark” featuring this song as the main theme. I think it is proper and fitting to sing this song under the moon on mid-autumn festival if you are a woman in love. For a man in love, he should play Moonlight Sonata, the 1st movement, very romantic. For the rest, just try Clair de Lune (play by piano) or the 2nd movement of Mozart’s Eine Kline Nacht Musik (小夜曲).

但願人長久
鄧麗君

By the Light of the Silvery Moon

Lied An Den Mond

2nd movement of Mozart’s Eine Kline Nacht Musik

Moonlight Sonata, the 1st movement

Clair de Lune

PS: Moonlight Sonata was not named by Beethoven. It was added in 1832 by a music critic, Ludwig Rellstab, who said the 1st movement reminded him of moonlight over Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. I am sure some of you have visited Switzerland & seen this lake. It is one of the most beautiful lakes in Europe. If you have a chance to cruise the lake, you will see a nice building along the shore. It happens to be a museum of Richard Wagner, Tribschen. I visited the place in 1984. It is worth visiting if you are fit & can walk a mile to see it.