Monday, September 2, 2013

Poem, Music & Language

On Wings of Song
When in the course of our education, we were profoundly influenced by some books or music which etched and imprinted in our mind. They become part of us as we grow up. It is easy to communicate among people about a book and its influence. But it is harder to do the same for music. Language is a basic skill in education and our society. Music is not as it is not a prerequisite to enter a college. Yet music is so popular in our society, be it classical or non-classical music. Everybody sings and everybody listens to music. But if we want to dig in a little bit more, we usually encounter some difficulty. We used to have music books which can't sing for us and so it is hard to convey or describe the meaning or feeling of the music. When time goes by and technology advances, we gradually made some improvement in discussing music among people. First, movie and TV gives us a tool that combines music (audio) with video. If the lyrics is shown with the video while music is playing, people can follow the music easily. However, in most cases the lyrics is not provided on the video, people tend to get lost while music is in progress. With the advent of Internet, it ushers in a new breed of tools and some website like YouTube which behaves like a public library of music with video time line. Although this is some kind of evolution of the technology, it exerts a great influence to the way we listen to music and the way we appreciate music. Here is a good example that I'd like put it in practice. In the blog "Palo Alto Rock" (July, 2013), I provided the links of the music and its lyrics (German, English, Mandarin). If we open two windows on the laptop computer, one is the music on YouTube and the other is the Excel file of the lyrics with time line data. Now we can listen to the music in sync with the lyrics even without the lyrics shown on the video. It is a living music book, a big improvement over the good old silent music book.

Music: 

Lyrics with time line data

In this example, the music is 'Auf Flügeln des Gesanges' ('On Wings of Song') by Mendelssohn. The lyrics is German accompanied with translation in English and Mandarin. In Excel the lyrics is listed in three columns with the text of lyrics in one-to-one correspondence. The original music was composed in German (Heine's poem). We can see the text is arranged in pair with rhyme just like traditional Chinese poem. For instance, Gesanges/Ganges, fort/Ort, Garten/erwarten, Oondenschein/Schwesterlein, kosen/Rosen, empor/Ohr, lauschen/rauschen/, Gazelin/Well'n, niedersinken/trinken, Palmenbaum/Traum are all paired in rhyme. It is the same for the text of English translation. Here we can see the similarity between German and English. As to the Mandarin translation, it is not in rhyme. Instead it is a direct translation of meaning of the poem with lucid and fluent Mandarin style without taking in consideration of rhyme. It is just as romantic, artistic and beautiful as the German and English poem. Here we can appreciate the nuance and shade of different language in conveying the same message. 

In Excel file, the C column is the music time line. The repeated German text is shown with * and listed in the Time Line as such. In the last line of the text, 'Und traumen seligen Traum' is repeated once and 'seligen Traum' is repeated one more time to end the song. 

PS: It is easier to access the blog twice with a browser (Google Chrome or AOL browser). With two windows on the screen (by click & drag the window tab outside of the browser), you can access the music (YouTube) in one window and then access the lyrics in other window. You can then arrange two windows in the screen to fit your taste and convenience. While you play the music, you can cross reference the lyric time line with the time line of the video. This is easy to do for most laptop computer. It may not be feasible for mobile device such as iPhone or iTouch. 

Friday, August 23, 2013

茵夢湖


初中國文老師李永華有次上課時,提到一本書, '茵夢湖'. 他說在大學裏人手一冊,很風行. 吾輩莘莘學子,聽得一愣一愣的,到底還太小了. 及至高中,在重慶南路一家書店,偶然看到這本'茵夢湖'. 大喜而買之,回家閱讀乃知是青春男女的愛情故事. 這書不長不短,一天可一氣讀完. 此小說是 Theodor Storm 的作品,他生長在德國北海附近,終年陰氣逼人,陽光稀少,不免養成他的寫作風格,淡淡的哀愁和悲戚總是徬徨不去,卻是呼之即來.

茵夢湖描寫一對男女, Reinhard and Elisabeth, 兩小無猜,天真浪漫,總以為一生都在一起. 可是那一天終於到了,他必須離開本城去受高等教育,他們不得不忍受到別離的哀傷. Reinhard 在學校裏寫了一些情詩,總是珍藏著. 當復活節來臨,他回家看到她時,她長高了,美麗又苗條. 可是不知怎的,她已經有點疏遠了. 他把那些詩 拿出來給她看. 他看見她臉上泛出一陣淺暈漸漸地展佈了她可愛的面龐. 他好想看她的眼睛,但是她卻不抬起頭來,祇把那冊子一聲不響地放在他面前. 離開的日子很快又到了,她送他到火車站,他依依不捨地離去. 匆匆兩年, Reinhard 一天收到一封信,他的朋友 Erich 承繼一份遺產和田莊. Erich 向 Elisabeth 求婚兩次被拒絕,但終於獲得她的同意. 又過了幾年, Reinhard 穿過樹林來到茵夢湖,原來 Erich 邀他來他的田莊,但卻沒告訴 Elisabeth. 這個逝去的愛情就在茵夢湖的這幾天,重新點燃,慢慢升溫,然後漸漸的消失. Reinhard 終於覺悟,這個初愛終於必須結束,他必須離開這裏,奔向自己的前程. Storm 在茵夢湖這段時日的描繪非常含蓄而溫馨,處處感染淡淡的哀愁,若即若離的深情,和永遠跨不過的婚姻鴻溝,讓人感動,誠屬佳作.

故事的第一章和最後一章都是'老人'. 故事是倒敘法,從老人入室休息,看見一道月光從窗戶照進,這老人柔聲喚著 Elisabeth,時間將他拉回到童年時代. 當月光慢慢地轉朱閣,低綺戶,室內變得黑暗時,也就是回憶茵夢湖愛情的終結. 從這裡我想起了 悲愴交響曲來. Tchaikovsky 這首交響由的第一和第二樂章幾乎可以音繪整個 茵夢湖 的故事. 第一樂章的開頭和結尾部分是'老人'的回憶和嘆息. 中間的開展部是他們在茵夢湖的邂逅,千迴萬轉的恩愛深情和無限悵惘的離去. 第二樂章五拍子的民謠風旋律是他們兩小無猜的少時情景. 五拍子的每一小節,是前兩拍和後三拍的巧妙結合,歡欣愉悅但具有不安定的飄搖之感.

Tchaikovsky Symphony #6, Pathetique (悲愴交響曲)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHAfvUFtCIY

1st Movement
5:30---老人 main theme (beginning, 回憶)
10:26---茵夢湖 (音畫)
15:00---老人 main theme (ending, 悲嘆)

2nd Movement
19:26-28:07---兩小無猜, 少時情景

Thursday, July 11, 2013

Esther Williams



Have you ever noticed that most of our favorite movie stars faded away quickly these days, William Holden, James Stewart, John Wayne, Stewart Granger, Burt Lancaster just to name a few. The latest one is Esther Williams. She was one of my favorite stars when I was a kid in primary school. She was a marvelous swimmer and starred in many swimming related movies. She was truly a mermaid of the time. She single-handed created a niche movie (water drama) just like Shirley Temple created her own (child drama) movies.

I used to mix Esther Williams up with another movie star, Doris Day. Somehow they got similar body build and the look of all American healthy women. I was most impressed by her movie "Bathing Beauty" (出水芙蓉). She admitted she couldn't act, dance or sing. But she can swim and swim like mermaid. She died on June 6, 2013. Every once in a while, PBS TV station ran some program like 'That's Entertainment' and it always shows some beautiful and graceful swimming routines by Esther Williams. This kind of movie is unique and never duplicated for another actresses. Indeed, there is one and only one mermaid, Esther Williams in our world. I sort of miss something profound that I know I can't get it back. Fortunately we have high tech to the rescue, I can still rent many DVDs to see Esther Williams and her lovely smiles. But mostly, I will always remember her wonderful swimming style, beautiful,elegant and graceful to the eyes.

Esther Williams published her autobiography in 1999. I found it interesting that she went through some kind of LSD (under doctor's supervision) experience. She got information and advice from Cary Grant that LSD somehow got some psychic energizer that dug into her inner soul. She said she was in a state of emotional and financial ruins when this LSD session re-energized her life. She realized that she actually tried to replace her older brother after he died at 16 years old. She worked so hard and moved so fast to support her family as her parents were in despair. In fact, she saw herself as half her brother and half herself. I have never tried LSD, maybe I miss something I don't know. 

Esther Williams influences me since she shows me there is something so beautiful and so graceful in this world. It is the swimming in such an aesthetic form that is beyond the description of any speech. Here is one video clip that captures her beauty and some of her swimming skill. 


Saturday, July 6, 2013

Marion Bartoli

Marion Bartoli
It is interesting to see the second time in history a woman with both two-handed forehand and backhand wins the champion in Wimbledon.  She is Marion Bartoli of France.  She has been around for several years but never won a grand slam until today (7/6/2013).  Watching her play, I was impressed on her hitting balls with pace and deep to base line with precision.  Since mid 1970's many players adopted two-hand backhand and achieved a lot of success.  But we haven't seen many players trying two-handed forehand.  I have played tennis since 1967.  I started with single-handed backhand with some success.  I was able to hit the ball where I wanted with slice backhand.  The problem was the weak pace when I hit it with backhand slice or under spin.  Even later I tried top-spin backhand, the pace of the ball is way too weak comparing to the forehand drive.  After a few years, I started to develop tennis elbow mainly due to the short backhand slice.  I can hit the ball with precision and near the net.  Since I have to stop the stroke in the middle of the swing, it exerts more pressure to the tendon and muscle of my right elbow.  Anyway the combination of them creates a syndrome of tennis elbow.  I like the tennis, fun and low cost.  I can also get much more exercise than playing golf within shorter time frame.  As I get older, I think hard and decide to adopt two-handed stroke so I may be able to continue playing tennis till very old age.  So since two years ago, I bought a tennis ball machine and practiced hitting balls with both hands.  I started with two-handed backhand.  It took me a while to get used to it.  In fact it took me longer than I expected.  After about six months, I was able to hit the balls comfortably and felt that I could swing racket naturally.  I also found that it is quite easy and natural to hit the ball with both top-spin and under-spin.  It is also quite easy to hit the ball on the rise.  The only drawback is the length of the swing and the shorter reach when chasing the ball.  Eventually I found that the best way to play is to use two-handed stroke most of the time and use one-handed way when chasing balls.  After I mastered the two-handed backhand, I started the same thing for the forehand.  It is quite unusual to see professionals adopt the two-handed forehand as most of them have very strong muscle on forehand side and there is no need to use two-handed stroke.  But I found that my forehand got weaker when I got older.  This gave me the incentive to try earnest on two-handed forehand.  After several months practice, I have gained confidence in hitting balls with pace.  I feel very happy these days as I enjoy playing tennis more and get my weekly needed exercise.  I am very glad to see Marion Bartoli won the trophy, a Venus Rosewater Dish in Wimbledon.  Why?  She is the first person wins a tennis grand slam with both two-handed backhand and forehand just as I do now.

謝淑薇 and 彭帥

PS: Su-Wei Hsieh (謝淑薇) of Taiwan and Shuai Peng (彭帥)  of China won the Women's Doubles Championship in Wimbledon.  This is a historical first for Taiwan and China to win a grand slam doubles in tennis.  Both of them also play two-handed shots on both sides like Marion Bartoli.


Monday, July 1, 2013

Rosetta Stone & Palo Alto Rock



Inscription of
Palo Alto Rock
Rosetta Stone
如果你有机會參觀大英博物館,你一定不會錯過一塊黑色的石頭,它是有名的 Rosetta Stone. 這石頭是在 Napoleon 遠征埃及時,一位法國軍士發現的,時年 AD 1799. 這塊石頭上面刻有三種不同的文字,其中有古埃及文和希臘文. 當時已無人能識古埃及文,所以這次的發現,堪稱是劃時代的. 它使當代學者能以利用希臘文重新銓釋和解讀古埃及文化. 我 1982 年時在倫敦看到Rosetta Stone,砰然心動,見証這有厂史性的珍貴文物. 

前些日子同學討論到一些語文的功用和表達方式的效能,見仁見智,尤其是中文和英文的不同和高下. 大家大抵同意在詩詞方面,中文精簡卻有很多含義,比英文高明不少. 可是在法律和科學方面,英文準確度的確勝出. 不過在文學,詩歌領域裡,也涉及主觀問題,因為英文詩有不同的表現法,硬要比高下,未免強人所難. 比較合理的評語應該是'各有千秋,相得益彰'. 

有一天我們的文明也許會毀於一旦,在這洪荒宇宙,比較能夠留下來的是石頭. 所以我想這也許是個好想法,就像 Rosetta Stone 一樣,我們選一種人類的文化遺產,以三种不同的語言,同時刻在一塊石頭上,藏諸名山,善加保存, (served as a Time Capsule). 我暫稱這塊石頭叫 Palo Alto Rock, 別號 NTUEE64 Stone or '人類文明之石'.

在我欣賞中外文學,詩詞,歌謠中,發現有很多診貴的材料可選. 以下是其中之一,冶音樂,文學,詩詞於一爐,極富文明價值. 這是海涅 (Heinrich Heine) 的詩 'Auf Flügeln des Gesanges' ('On Wings of Song'), Mendelssohn 把它譜成一曲, 極富盛名. 我用 Excel ,並排列出三种語言,可以互相翻譯和銓釋,並且可欣賞不同語言的視覺感受及衡量其精簡程度. 音樂是看不出來,祗能用現今科技, DVD光碟一張, inserted in the rock. 也許有一天,外太空的高度文明物種可以 decipher 我們的音樂. 

音樂

彫刻文

Sunday, June 9, 2013

Bicentennials of Two Great Composers

Giuseppe Verdi
Richard Wagner
It marks a double bicentennials this year for two great opera composers. They are Giuseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner, both were born in 1813 with only five months apart. They are so influential in the world of opera that some of the melodies & tunes continue to play in people's life. Giuseppe Verdi was an Italian. He dominated the Italian opera after Bellini, Donizetti and Rossini. He was also a long-lived composer, quite well to do before he died. He was also unique in setting up a living space for the well-known retired opera singers. This is really rare as most composers struggle to make a living during their productive years. Richard Wagner was a German. He single-handed created German Opera, later called Music Opera. He not only composed music, but also wrote lyrics and story of the opera. His operas typically are long, intricate in plot and character. In contrast to Verdi, Wagner as a person was stingy, quarrelsome and hard to get along. He was not generous as Verdi and he thought most people owe him something because of his genius. However, his influence is enormous as he frequently is listed as the top 10 greatest composers in history. It is worth to note that Cosima, daughter of Liszt, wife of famous conductor Hans von Bulow, eloped with Wagner and spent a few years in Villa Tribschen near Lake Lucerne of Switzerland. Wagner got involved with revolutionary activities in 1848 and he had to leave the country to avoid being arrest. While I visited Lucerne in 1986, I took a one-mile walk from the lake to see Villa Tribschen. It was a nice and well-kept two-story building, a museum now opened to public. I saw a lot of his artifacts and manuscripts including Die Meistersinger which he completed in the villa. Wagner was fortunate that the mad king Ludwig II liked him so much that he financed most Wagner's activities including the Bayreuth Festival.

The following are some of the most popular arias and tunes in the world of opera from these two composers.

From Verdi:

La Donna e Mobile, Rigoretto

Libiamo, La Traviata

Follie, Sempre Libera ( Folly, Always Free), La Traviata

Grand March, Aida

Va, Pensiero, Nabucco

Questa o Quella, Rigoretto

From Wagner:

Bridal Chorus, Lohengrin

Ride of Valkyries, Die Walcure

Fest March, Tannhauser

Overture, Tannhauser

Saturday, May 4, 2013

胡適與五四


五月四日的來臨,自然的讓我們想起五四運動. 而這個運動的主要人物之一是胡適先生. 他的一生反映了中國文化新生的時代. 胡適提倡新生活, 新生活就是過'有意義的生活', 凡是自己能說出'為什麼這樣做'的生活,都可以說是有意義的生活. 他寫了'差不多先生傳', 說中國人馬馬虎虎的習慣很要不得.他大力提倡科學,要大家'大膽的假設,小心的求証'. 揭櫫'科學和民主'以救國的想法. 加上他對儒學,中國哲學,古典小說分析,紅學研究,禪宗研討,水經注鑽研,他真是一位中國近代史上不可多得的 Renaissance Man. 我有時覺得他那有這麼多時間做這麼多事,大概他年青時精力過人,加上聰慧博學的緣故.總之他是一位非常值得敬佩的人士.  他本名洪骍,後改名胡適,字適之. 原因是他受演化論影響甚鉅,故以'適者生存'的'適'作其新名. 他終其一生,不改此信仰,以大自然為依歸,看一切人類眾生相. 他是東方最接近西哲'羅素' (Bertrand Russell) 的人物.

第一次世界大戰完後舉行的巴黎和會中,列強把德國在山東的權益轉讓給日本,這山東問題引起了五四運動. 1919年的5月4日,在北京發生以青年學生為主的學生運動,以及包括廣大群眾、包括中下階層廣泛參與的一次示威遊行,請願,罷課,罷工,暴力對抗政府等多形式的愛國運動。广义的五四运动则是指自1915年至1926年北伐战争之间,因山東問題,中国知识界和青年学生反思中国传统文化,追隨「德先生」(民主)與賽先生」(科學) 探索强国之路的新文化運動的繼續和發展。在這運動中,胡適扮演了重要的角色,也可以說是最有影響力的人物之一.

胡適雖是新時代人物,但仍奉母之命,与江冬秀女士結婚. 可是其一生邂逅女姓頗多,比較親蜜的有曹誠英和 Edith Clifford Williams. 在當時中國傳統社會中,男人娶三妻四妾並不稀奇. 可是胡適終其一生,沒有婚變. 週旋眾多女士中,應對得体,浪漫优雅,乃男人中一傑也.

胡適提倡科學和實用主義,可是他花了好多時間做考据工作,如早年的紅樓夢和晚年的水經江水注. 我們不太了解他的動,也許他是想用科學的方法處理一些中國古典名作. 水經注是地理名著,拿來科學考証,很合情理. 可是紅樓夢乃文學作,怎麼考証法? 祇聽說有比較文學,沒聽說有考証文學. 對我來說,水經注也是一部文學作品,其描述山川景色,創意泉湧,精彩萬分,獨步一時. 多年前在長江三峽,乘船遊覽,想捕捉水經所繪景色. 船經巫峽及西陵峽,頓時心曠神矣,真是"山水有靈,亦當驚知己於千古矣". 以下是我們在高中時念過的一課,玆取其中一段,大家回味共賞.

自三峽七百里中,兩岸連山,略無闕處;重巖疊嶂,隱天蔽日:自非亭午夜分,不見曦月。至於夏水襄陵,沿泝阻絕,或王命急宣,有時朝發白帝,暮到江陵,其間千二百里,雖乘奔御風不以疾也。春冬之時,則素湍綠潭,迴青倒影。絕巘多生檉柏,懸泉瀑布,飛漱其間。清榮峻茂,良多趣味。每至晴初霜旦,林寒澗肅,常有高猿長嘯,屬引淒異,空谷傳響,哀轉久絕。故漁者歌曰:「巴東三峽巫峽長,猿鳴三聲淚沾裳!」